"Desiderium videndi": correspondence between Barbara Zápolya and Sigismund the Old

Šis straipsnis – trečioji straipsnių ciklo, skirto XIV a. pabaigos – XVI a. pirmos pusės Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės (LDK) ir Lenkijos Karalystės valdovių ir jų korespondentų lotyniškai epistolikai aptarti, dalis. Daugiausia dėmesio šioje dalyje bus skiriama pirmosios Žygimanto Senojo (1467–1548) žmonos Barboros Zapolijos (1495–1515) publikuotai korespondencijai. Pastarosios valdovės laiškų išlikę labai nedaug – tik 3. Bet gerokai gausesnis yra jos vyro rašytų jai laiškų palikimas (24 laiškai). Todėl bus analizuojamas ir Žygimanto Senojo korespondavimas su Barbora, iš tyrimo akiračio neišleidžiant ir informacijos apie šių valdovų sekretorius, ypač apie Andriejų Kricijų (Andrzej Krzycki, 1482–1537) bei galimus jų naudotus šaltinius, konstruojant ir rašant valdovų poros epistoliką. Šie laiškai atskleidžia artimą ryšį tarp sutuoktinių, aptariamo laiko politinius ir kasdienius dvaro įvykius. Straipsnyje analizuojamas jų korespondencijos kiekis, dažnumas, rašymo tikslai ir temos, laiškų stilius, raiška, žodynas. Taip pat glaustai pateikiama Viduramžių meilės laiškų teorija, daugiausia dėmesio skiriant garsiam italų diktaministui Bonkompanjui iš Sinjos (Boncompagnus de Signa, 1165–1240). Teorinės taisyklės, patarimai ir pavyzdžiai lyginami su mūsų aptariamos karališkos poros korespondencija: kreipiniais, žodynu, stiliumi, raiška.In this article, the author analyses the Latin correspondence between Barbara Zápolya (1495–1515) and her husband, Sigismund the Old (1467–1548), published in the collection Acta Tomiciana (Vol. 3, 1853). Although only three of Barbara Zápolya’s letters survived, the analysis suggests the hypothesis that there might have been more of them, at least seven; as for the king’s letters, 24 of them are extant. The correspondence of the royal couple offers a broader picture of the nature of their communication through letters and expression of their feelings, which point to their close and good relationship. Besides, the letters reflect political events of the time, everyday matters of the royal court, and relevant aspects in the life of the royal couple. The analysis focuses on the amount of the correspondence, its frequency, the aims and themes of the letters, their style, expression, and vocabulary. Conventional addresses, epithets, salutations, and the structure of the letters show the tradition and themes characteristic of the correspondence of the ruling class of the period. On the other hand, abundant emotions, the characteristic style of love letters, phrases revealing the warm relationship between them, and the intimate nature of their vocabulary make it possible to attribute these letters to personal or even romantic correspondence. These texts can, therefore, be labelled as one of the first instances of private and love letters of the ruling elite of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Poland. The narrative of the correspondence follows the long-standing European tradition of ars dictandi et amandi found in medieval manuals and collections of love letters; it is made more intense by personal experiences of the corresponding royal couple where emotions are frequently hypertrophied and intensified through the choice of respective vocabulary and the topoi of the love narrative. The author gives a brief introduction to the medieval peculiarities of love-letter writing that were set out in the manuals of love letters and collections of this kind of letters, paying most attention to the well-known Italian dictator Boncompagnus de Signa (1165–1240), who absorbed much of Ovid’s Ars amatoria in his works. The rules contained in these works, advice and examples are compared with the correspondence of the royal couple, which is discussed in the article: addresses, vocabulary, and self-positioning in relation to the addressee. The analysis also involves information on the secretaries of these rulers, in particular on Andrzej Krzycki (1482–1537), and on the sources they might have used in structuring and writing the letters of the royal couple